Lincoln's Health Story
Lincoln spans an area of 162.86 km2 and is home to 21,722 residents. Lincoln is situated along the Queen Elizabeth Way and within Niagara’s Twenty Valley region.
- Profile of Lincoln
- Priority Populations
- Leading Cause of Death
- Leading Cause of Hospitalization
- Prenatal and Reproductive Summary
Profile of Lincoln
|
Lincoln | Niagara region | Ontario |
|---|---|---|---|
| 133.4 | 230.5 | 13.4 | |
Population of 2001 |
20,612 | 410,574 | 11,410,046 |
Population of 2006 |
21,722 | 427,421 | 12,160,282 |
| 5.4% | 4.1% | 6.6% | |
Total private dwellings |
7,875 | 179,903 | 4,972,869 |
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents |
7,623 | 169,425 | 4,554,251 |
Land area (square km) |
162.9 | 1,854.2 | 907,573.8 |
People ages 25-64 who have not completed high school |
12.1% | 14.0% | 13.6% |
| 12.6% | 21.9% | 20.0% | |
| 4.2% | 5.4% | 4.5% | |
Knowledge of neither English nor French |
0.5% | 0.6% | 2.2% |
Population who immigrated to Canada in the last 5 years |
5.3% | 10.4% | 17.1% |
Aboriginal identity |
0.6% | 1.6% | 2.0% |
Visible minority status |
3.2% | 6.3% | 22.8% |
Source: Statistics Canada, Census 2006.
Population density
Lincoln has a relatively larger rural area compared to the rest of Niagara. There are approximately 133.4 people in 1 square kilometre compared to 230.5 in Niagara and 13.4 in Ontario.
Population change
Between 2001 and 2006, the population of West Lincoln grew by 7.3%. This means that the populations in West Lincoln grew more than the population of Niagara (4.1%) and the population of Ontario (6.6%).
Population who did not graduate from high school
12.1% of the population of Lincoln, between the ages of 25 and 64, have not completed their high school education; compared to 14.0% in Niagara and 13.6% in Ontario.
Lone parent families
Lincoln has a lower percentage of single mothers (12.6%), among the families with children at home, compared to Niagara (21.9%) and Ontario (20%). As for families with single fathers, Lincoln also has a lower percentage (4.2%) than Niagara (5.4%) and Ontario (4.5%).
Language, immigration and Aboriginals
Almost all of Lincoln residents are able to speak either English or French. Only a small proportion, less than 1.0%, cannot. This pattern is also seen in Niagara, but in Ontario, the proportion is slightly higher at 2.2%.
3.2% of people in Lincoln are of a Visible minority, which is lower than the Viible minority population of Niagara at 6.3%, but is much lower than that of Ontario (22.8%). In terms of immigration, Lincoln has a lower percentage of people who immigrated in the last five years (5.3%) than Niagara (10.4%), but again, this number is much lower than that of Ontario (17.1%).
In Lincoln there is a lower percentage of Aboriginals (0.6%) compared to Niagara (1.6%) and Ontario (2.0%). However, only Aboriginals who live off reserve were surveyed by the census.
|
Lincoln | Niagara region | Ontario |
|---|---|---|---|
Low income before tax |
5.3% | 12.0% | 14.7% |
Low income after tax |
3.8% | 8.4% | 11.1% |
Low income families with children or youth less than 18 years old (before tax) |
4.9% | 15.0% | 18.0% |
Low income families with children or youth less than 18 years old (after tax) |
3.9% | 10.5% | 13.7% |
Source: Statistics Canada, Census 2006.
Population with Low income
Lincoln has a much lower percentage of people considered as living in low income (before taxes) (5.3%) than both Niagara (12.0%) and Ontario (14.7%). The same goes for the ‘after tax Low income’ percentages. After taxes, the percentage of people living within the Low income bracket is as follows: 3.8% for Lincoln, 8.4% for Niagara, and 11.1% for Ontario.
Low income families
4.9% of Lincoln families who are considered low income (before tax) have a child/youth under the age of 18 living with them. After tax this decreases to 3.9%, which is lower than in Niagara (10.5%) and Ontario (13.7%).
Priority Populations
To examine geographical patterns of socio-economic indicators (e.g. income, low education), a priority index was developed to explore characteristics of the Niagara region. A Priority Population is defined as those populations that are at risk and for whom public health interventions (e.g. the Health Bus program) may be reasonably considered to have a substantial impact at the population level.
The map shows an image of Lincoln with areas of high versus low priority, based on six indicators included from the 2006 census:
- Median family income
- Proportion of people who have not graduated with a certificate, diploma or degree
- Unemployment rate
- Proportion of single parent families
- Proportion of people living alone
- Proportion of persons who are separated, divorced or widowed.
Leading Causes of Death
|
Males (0-64 years) | Females (0-64 years) | ||||||
| Lincoln | Niagara region | Lincoln | Niagara region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ischaemic heart disease | 14.5% | Ischaemic heart disease | 15.3% | Lung cancer | 10.5% | Lung cancer | 10.9% |
| 2 | * | * | Lung cancer | 8.5% | Breast cancer | 8.8% | Breast cancer | 8.3% |
| 3 | * | * | Intentional self harm | 5.3% | * | * | Ischaemic heart disease | 7.4% |
| 4 | * | * | Transport accidents | 4.2% | * | * | Colorectal cancer | 4.9% |
| 5 | * | * | Colorectal cancer | 4.1% | * | * | Cerebrovascular diseases | 4.0% |
* Data are limited and cannot be reported.
Source: Causes of Death 2000-2004, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, IntelliHEALTH ONTARIO Data. Last Refreshed March 2009.
In regards to the leading causes of death for Lincoln, data are limited and therefore cannot be reported. Of the causes of death that are reported, Lincoln and Niagara share the same causes among males and females aged 0-64.
Females
For females aged 0-64, lung cancer and breast cancer are leading causes of death for Lincoln and Niagara.
Males
For males aged 0-64, Ischaemic heart disease is listed for Lincoln and Niagara as the leading cause of death.
|
Males (65+ years) | Females (65+ years) | ||||||
| Lincoln % | Niagara region % | Lincoln % | Niagara region % | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ischaemic heart disease | 24.9 | Ischaemic heart disease | 26.2 | Ischaemic heart disease | 22.0 | Ischaemic heart disease | 26.4 |
| 2 | Lung cancer | 6.8 | Lung cancer | 7.7 | Cerebrovascular diseases | 10.0 | Cerebrovascular diseases | 9.1 |
| 3 | Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 5.5 | Cerebrovascular diseases | 6.1 | Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease | 8.1 | Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease | 5.3 |
| 4 | Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease | 5.2 | Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 5.4 | Breast cancer | 3.9 | Lung cancer | 5.2 |
| 5 | Cerebrovascular diseases | 4.2 | Diabetes mellitus | 4.7 | Diabetes mellitus | 3.4 | Diabetes mellitus | 4.8 |
Source: Causes of Death 2000-2004, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, IntelliHEALTH ONTARIO Data. Last Refreshed March 2009.
In Lincoln, the leading causes of death among males and females over the age of 65 are similar to those of Niagara region.
Females
For females over the age of 65, Lincoln and Niagara list Ischaemic heart disease, Cerebrovascular diseases, dementia and Alzheimer's disease and diabetes among the leading causes of death. The only difference between Lincoln and Niagara is that in Lincoln, breast cancer is also reported whereas, in Niagara lung cancer is reported.
Males
For males over the age of 65, Lincoln and Niagara list Ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, Cerebrovascular diseases
and chronic lower respiratory disease among the leading causes of death. The only difference between Lincoln and Niagara is that in Lincoln, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is also reported whereas, in Niagara diabetes is reported.
Leading Causes of Hospitalization
|
Males (0-64 years) | Females (0-64 years) | ||||||
| Lincoln | Niagara region | Lincoln | Niagara region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Liveborn infants according to place of birth | 6.7% | Liveborn infants according to place of birth | 6.2% | Complications of pregnancy (labour and delivery) | 23.3% | Complications of pregnancy (labour and delivery) | 21.4% |
| 2 | Complications of surgical and medical care | 4.0% | Disorders related to Short gestation and Low birth weight | 3.5% | Complications of pregnancy (Antenatal) | 15.8% | Complications of pregnancy (Antenatal) | 14.8% |
| 3 | Disorders related to Short gestation and Low birth weight | 3.3% | Acute myocardial infarction | 3.0% | Liveborn infants according to place of birth | 4.4% | Liveborn infants according to place of birth | 4.1% |
| 4 | Acute myocardial infarction | 3.1% | Complications of surgical and medical care | 2.9% | Menstrual, menopausal and other female genital conditions | 2.1% | Mood, affective disorders | 2.1% |
| 5 | Diabetes mellitus | 2.2% | Diabetes mellitus | 2.1% | Disorders related to Short gestation and Low birth weight | 1.9% | Disorders related to Short gestation and Low birth weight | 2.0% |
Source: Causes of Hospitalizations 2003-2007, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, IntelliHEALTH ONTARIO Data. Last Refreshed March 2009.
In Lincoln, the leading causes for hospitalization for females aged 0-64 are quite similar to those of Niagara region, but do have some differences.
Females
For females aged 0-64, Lincoln and Niagara list complications of pregnancy (labour and delivery) and complications of pregnancy (Antenatal), birth, disorders related to Short gestation and low birth weight among the leading causes of death. The only difference between Lincoln and Niagara is that in Lincoln, menstrual, menopausal and other female genital conditions is reported whereas, in Niagara mood and affective disorders is reported.
Males
Among males aged 0-64, the 5 leading causes of hospitalization are the same for Lincoln and Niagara.
| Males (65+ years) | Females (65+ years) | |||||||
| Lincoln | Niagara region | Lincoln | Niagara region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5.5% | Heart failure | 5.3% | Fracture of femur | 5.1% | Heart failure | 5.7% |
| 2 | Cerebrovascular diseases | 4.1% | Acute myocardial infarction | 4.9% | Heart Failure | 5.0% | Fracture of femur | 4.8% |
| 3 | Heart failure | 3.9% | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4.7% | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3.9% | Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases | 4.3% |
| 4 | Acute myocardial infarction | 3.7% | Cerebrovascular diseases | 3.5% | Cerebrovascular diseases | 3.8% | Acute myocardial infarction | 4.2% |
| 5 | Pneumonia | 3.5% | Pneumonia | 3.1% | Acute myocardial infarction | 3.7% | Cerebrovascular diseases | 3.9% |
Source: Causes of Hospitalizations 2003-2007, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, IntelliHEALTH ONTARIO Data. Last Refreshed March 2009.
For males and females aged 65+, Niagara and Lincoln share the same leading causes for hospitalization.
Prenatal and Reproductive Summary
|
Lincoln | Niagara region | |
|---|---|---|---|
Total Parkyn (N) |
189 | 3795 | |
Mothers who attended a Prenatal class at Public Health† |
4.7% | ||
Mothers under 20 years old |
2.1 % | 5.2% | |
Mothers who smoked during pregnancy |
4.2% | 13.0% | |
Preterm birth baby |
6.9% | 7.1% | |
Low birthweight baby |
* | 4.3% | |
High-risk Parkyn Score |
12.2% | 19.2% | |
Feeding Method |
Breastmilk only |
74.1% | 72.6% |
Both breastmilk and formula |
15.9% | 8.9% | |
*Data are limited and cannot be reported.
†Source: Prenatal class Data, Niagara Region, 2008. Source: ISCIS Jan-Dec, 2007. Extracted: March 2009.
Overall, 4.7% of pregnant women in Lincoln attended prenatal classes offered by Niagara Region Public Health last year.
The Parkyn Postpartum Screening Tool is an instrument designed to identify families with a new baby who may be at an increased risk of developmental challenges based on health, physical and, social drawbacks. Using this tool, 12.2% of newborns in Lincoln were considered high risk in comparison to 19.2% in Niagara region. In 2007, there were 189 live births to mothers from Lincoln; representing 5.0% of the total newborns throughout Niagara. Of these births, 2.1% were to mothers under the age of 20.
In Lincoln, 6.9% of births were Preterm births; slightly lower than in Niagara region (7.1%). Low birth weight data are limited for Lincoln and therefore are not reported. When mothers were asked about their smoking habits, 4.2% of mothers in Lincoln reported smoking during pregnancy which is considerably lower than the Niagara Region (13.0%).
In Lincoln, 74.1% of mothers breastfed while in the hospital; a further 15.9% both breastfed and used a bottle. Both rates are higher in Lincoln than Niagara (72.6% and 8.9%, respectively).